中文摘要：

目的研究脊髓损伤后康复训练对轴突再生微环境的影响，并探讨康复训练对脊髓损伤后轴突再生、结构重建和功能恢复的可能作用机制。方法实验动物健康成年比格犬15只，分为假手术组、模型组和运动训练组，每组5只。模型组和运动训练组建立脊髓半切损伤模型。从损伤后第8天起，运动训练组进行活动平板训练，模型组不训练。于损伤后第60天处死，采用免疫荧光双标技术检测星形胶质细胞在损伤周围区表达硫酸软骨素糖蛋白（CSPG）的情况，采用Westernblot技术检测CSPG在损伤周围区的表达水平，采用银染技术观察脊髓损伤后轴突再生的情况，采用改良Tarlov评分评估各实验组动物运动功能。结果运动训练组星形胶质细胞表达CSPG的阳性细胞数为（19．50±1．17）％，较模型组（65．80±3．69）％明显减弱（P〈0．05）；Westernblot显示CSPG表达水平假手术组为100％，模型组为（189．00±11．75）％，运动训练组为（117．00±9．63）％，组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；运动训练组神经轴突更加完整，排列更加规则、致密，溃变要少于模型组，运动功能评分显示运动训练组为4．20±0．23，高于模型组（3．30±0．07），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论脊髓损伤后康复训练可通过抑制星形胶质细胞表达CSPG等轴突再生抑制因子，改善受损轴突的再生微环境，促进机体的结构重建和功能恢复。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the effects of rehabilitation training on the microenvironment for axon regeneration and the possible mechanisms promoting axon regeneration, reconstruction and functional compensation after spinal cord injury （SCI） in beagle dogs. Methods Fifteen beagles were divided into a sham operated group, an SCI model group and a rehabilitation training group. Spinal cord hemi-transection injury was carried out. From the 8th day after SCI, the rehabilitation training group was given treadmill training. All dogs were sacrificed 60 days post injury and samples were harvested. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan （CSPG） expression of astroglial cells around the injured area was observed using an immunofluorescenee technique. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and CSPG protein in each group were semi-quantified by Western blot analysis. Axon regeneration was observed by silver staining. Motor function was assessed using modified Tarlov scores. Results In the rehabilitation training group, compared with the model group astroglial production of CSPG was reduced remarkably. Both CSPG expression and axon regeneration were enhanced and functional deficits improved. Conclusions Rehabilitation training can inhibit astroglial production of CSPG, improve the mieroenvironment for injured axon regeneration, and promote reconstruction and functional compensation after traumatic SCI.