中文摘要：

由于人类活动的加剧以及全球气候的变化，湖泊出现了萎缩、水位下降、水质污染等问题，确定和保证湖泊生态系统必须的最小生态水量是淡水资源科学配置和永续利用的保证，本文根据水量平衡原理对湖泊最小生态需水的概念、模型、计算方法进行了探讨，并对模型的各参数，最低生态水位、降水量、蒸发量、地下水交换量、出湖水量进行了分析和讨论。

英文摘要：

Irrational utilization and management of the lake resources have resulted in water shortage and water quality degradation. To keep the minimum ecological water demand for lake is the guarantee for scientific and sustainable utilization of the water resource. The concept and calculating methods and models about the minimum eco- logical water demand for lake is discussed in this paper base on principle of water balance, and the parameters of model including the lowest ecological level of lake, the precipitation, the evaporation, the outlet and the exchange of groundwater are analyzed and discussed.