中文摘要：

骨组织受力变形后其内部液体就会流动,同时在其微观结构——骨单元壁中扩散,并进一步产生一系列与骨液流动相关的物理效应,如流体剪切应力、流动电位等,这些物理效应被细胞感知并做出破骨或成骨等反应,来使骨适应外部载荷环境.鉴于骨组织产生的内部液体流动很难实验测定,理论模拟是目前的主要研究手段.基于骨单元的多孔弹性性质建立了骨小管内部液体的流动模型,该模型将骨单元所受的外部载荷与骨小管内部液体的压力、流速、流量和切应力联系起来,并进一步可以研究其力传导与力电传导机制.骨小管模型的建立分别基于中空和考虑哈弗液体的骨单元模型,并考虑了骨单元外壁的弹性约束和刚性位移约束两种边界条件.最终得到骨单元在外部轴向载荷作用下,骨小管内部液体的流量及流体切应力的解析解.结果表明：骨小管中的液体流量与流体切应力都正比于应变载荷幅值和频率,并由载荷的应变率决定.因此应变率可以作为控制流量和流体切应力的一种生理载荷因素.流量随着骨小管半径的增大而非线性增大,而流体切应力则随着骨小管半径的增大而线性增大.此外,在相同的载荷下,含哈弗液体的骨单元的模型中,骨小管中液体的流量和切应力均大于中空骨单元模型.

英文摘要：

Stressed bone can be deformed to lead to an interstitial fluid flow or diffusion in its microstructure-osteon（wall）. Actually in this fluid diffusion process, some physical effects related with fluid stimuli are induced, such as fluid shear stress（FSS） and streaming potential. These effects may enable the bone cells to detect and respond to the process of bone-resorbing and bone-forming to adapt the external loading environment. Due to the limitation of experimental approach, theoretical simulation has become the main method to study the bone＇s interstitial fluid flowing behavior.Based on the poroelasticity, a physical canaliculi model is developed to link the mechanical loading on osteon scale to the scale of canalicular fluid flow, which makes a significant step to study the mechanism of the bone mechanotransduction and electromechanotransduction. This developed canaliculi model is based on a hollow osteon model and a Haversian fluid considered osteon model, with two boundary cases on the outer wall, elastic restrained and rigid confined. Finally,the analytical solutions for canalicular fluid flow rates（FFR） and shear stress are obtained. The results predict that the amplitudes of fluid flow rate and shear stress are proportional to strain amplitude and frequency. However, the key loading factor governing canalicular fluid flow behavior is the strain rate, which is a representative loading parameter under a physiological state. The larger canalicular radius is, the larger amplitudes of FFR and FSS generalized, especially, the FSS amplitude is proportional to canalicular radius. The Haversian fluid can enhance the whole canalicular fluid flow rates and shear stress fields.