中文摘要：

评注性状语所表达的信息对于句子本身并不是绝对必要的，而是用来表明说话者／作者的态度、描述性陈述或句子的命题内容。它可以用来修饰整个句子或句子中的分句，从而表达说话者的语气、态度或情感，而不是用来修饰句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。评注性状语可根据作为说话者视角标记、认知／情感立场、态度标记以及语篇组织功能加以描述。

英文摘要：

A disjunct is a type of adverbial adjunct that expresses information not considered essential to the sentence it is in, but which is considered to be the speaker＇ s or writer＇s attitude towards, or descriptive state- ment of, the propositional content of the sentence. It is used to modify a sentence, or a clause within a sentence, to convey the mood, attitude or sentiments of the speaker, rather than an adverb modifying a verb, an adjective or another adverb within a sentence. Disjuncts may be described in terms of their function as markers of speaker perspective and of epistemie/affective stance or attitude, as well as in terms of their function as discourse organi- zation features.