中文摘要：

文章综述了重离子束在物理学、生物学、临床治疗等方面的优势,以及在放射生物学方面的基础实验研究内容。分析总结了国内外重离子束辐照治疗肿瘤的临床研究结果。其中,日本已接受治疗了约6000名不同类型的肿瘤患者,并取得较高的局部控制率和生存率;德国在头颈部肿瘤临床治疗方面取得了巨大的成功;在兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）肿瘤治疗终端上,中国科学院近代物理研究所联合甘肃省肿瘤医院及兰州军区总医院对肿瘤患者的重离子治疗已进入临床试验阶段。甘肃省肿瘤医院治疗结果显示：43例患者通过影像学检查评价疗效,客观有效率（CR＋PR）为71.4%,主要急性放射损伤为1-2级皮肤反应（红斑形成和脱皮）,发生率为61.9%,治疗1个月后随访结果显示重离子束（12C6＋）对深部肿瘤具有较好的局部控制作用,且无严重不良反应发生。

英文摘要：

This article reviews the advantages of heavy ion in physical, biological and clinical aspects, discusses the radio-biological basis of experiment research, and summarizes clinical results of heavy ion beam treatment on tumor at home and abroad. Japan has accepted and treated about 6000 cancer patients of different types with high local control rates and survival ones. Germany has achieved great success in head and neck tumor clinical treatment. Institute of Modem Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （IMP-CAS）, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province and Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA have begun clinical trial on heavy ion treatment of deep-seated tumors after the shallow-seated tumor therapy has been done at HIRFL （Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou）. The treatment results of Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province show that the objective response rate （CR＋PR） is 71.4% and the rate of 1-2 levels radiation injury to skin reactions （erythema and desquamation） is 61.9% when we evaluate the 43 patients by means of imaging. The results of case follow-up after treatment in 1 month indicate that the deep-seated tumor therapy with heavy ion beam has high local control rates without severe adverse effect.