中文摘要：

【目的】采用自行设置的厌氧装置，分离培养日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus消化道厌氧细菌。【方法】改进了一种简易的厌氧装置一一平皿夹层法，利用4种培养基对日本弓背蚁消化道内厌氧或兼性厌氧菌进行分离培养。【结果】从日本弓背蚁消化道共分离到22个不同的菌株，隶属于厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门3大类群的17个属；4种培养基分离到的细菌种类存在明显差异，选择性较强，其中从LB和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上分离到的细菌种类较多，分别为10种和8种；从MRS和LBS培养基上分离到的细菌较少，分别为3种和1种；大工蚁和小工蚁的消化道细菌组成也存在差异，可能与其在巢群中担负的功能和职责有关，还有待于进一步研究分析。【结论】利用平皿夹层法可以成功分离到日本弓背蚁肠道的厌氧细菌，该种方法对于其他昆虫消化道厌氧菌的分离培养具有一定的参考价值。

英文摘要：

[Objectives] An anaerobic device was designed to culture anaerobic bacteria from the digestive tract of Camponotus japonicus. [Methods] A simple anaerobic device; the Interlayer Petri Dish Method, was improved to isolate anaerobic bacteria from the digestive tract of C. japonicus using four kinds of culture media （LB medium, Beef extract peptone MRS medium and LBS medium）. [Results] Twenty-two different bacterial strains were isolated from the guts of C. japonicus. These belonged to 17 genera of the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacterium. Four kinds of culture mediums had high selectivity, and isolated different bacterial species. More bacterial species were isolated from LB and beef extract peptone medium （10 and 8 species respectively）, less were isolated from LBS and MRS medium （3 and 1 species respectively）. In addition, bacterial species isolated from the digestive tracts of major and minor workers differed, which may be related to their functions and responsibilities in the colony. Further research will be required to clarify this. [Couelusion] Several anaerobic bacteria were successfully isolated from the guts of C. japonicus using the Interlayer Petri Dish Method, which provides a reference for isolating the gut bacteria of other insects.