中文摘要：

为深入探究原油乳状液静电聚结破乳过程中水链形成、消散行为机理,对高频高压脉冲电场作用下水链形成与消散行为进行显微实验研究,得到乳状液中水链形成与消散的方式。实验条件下,水链的形成方式有两种：单液滴在高电场强度下,由于较大的极化力引发的水滴中段扯裂成链,水链长度大于1000μm;液滴群在高频高压脉冲电场中发生接触时,液滴界面膜发生静电击穿引发聚结成链,链长为268μm。水链消散的方式也有两种：水链自身水滴在电场作用下发生极化,当液滴间的静电应力大于液滴表面张力时即发生聚并消散,链长51μm、平均粒径8.8μm的水链聚并消散为一个粒径16μm的液滴,而链长204μm、平均粒径20μm的水链聚并成链长68μm、平均粒径33μm的水链;外界液滴与水链端部液滴接触时,液滴和水链的部分电荷发生中和,电荷分布发生变化,水滴在电场极化力作用下发生聚并,粒径26μm的外界液滴与链长37μm、平均粒径9.3μm的小水链聚并成一个粒径30μm的大液滴,而粒径35μm的外界液滴与链长259μm、平均粒径39μm的水链聚并成链长210μm、平均粒径50μm的水链。

英文摘要：

In order to investigate the mechanism of water chains＇ formation and dissipation during the process of electric coalescence in oil further, micro-experiment was carried out to study the patterns of water chains＇ formation and dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed electric field. There are two patterns of water chains＇ formation in W/O emulsions under experimental conditions. Due to the high polarization force in high electric field, the single droplet breaks up in the middle part to form water chains with length of more than 1000 ？m. In addition, the membrane of droplets can be broken-down by electrostatic force in high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed electric field and coalesces to water chains with length of around 268 μm. There are also two patterns of water chains＇ dissipation in W/O emulsions. Water chains＇ own droplets are polarized in high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed electric field, and coalesce when electrostatic stress is higher than interfacial tension. The water chain with length of 51 μm and average diameter of 8.8 μm coalesces to a 16 μm droplet, while the water chain with length of 204 μm and average diameter of 20 μm coalesces to a water chain with length of 68 μm and average diameter of 33 μm. When outside droplets touch with droplets of water chains＇ end, the charge neutralization occurs, and the charge distribution changes, which leads to water chains＇ coalescence dissipation. The outside droplet with diameter of 26 μm coalesces with the water chain with length of 37 μm and average diameter of 9.3 μm to a 30 μm droplet, while the outside droplet with diameter of 35 μm coalesces with the water chain with length of 259 μm and average diameter of 39 μm to a water chain with length of 210 μm and average diameter of 50 μm.