中文摘要：

生态学研究的定量化发展，以及环境资源管理的迫切需求，伴随着计算机的广泛使用．生态模型作为生态系统研究的重要工具．从19世纪20年代至今发展十分迅速．在生态系统研究的各个领域都有很好的应用。草地放牧系统作为生态系统重要组成部分，对其研究自然也离不开模型的应用。本研究对草地放牧系统优化模型的研究进行了评述。具体阐述了以下几个方面：1）草地放牧系统的概念以及与草地生态系统的区别与联系；2）基于环境资源的不断恶化以及生产实践的迫切要求讨论了草地放牧系统优化的意义；3）从植物生产亚系统、动物生产亚系统、管理亚系统3个方面阐述草地放牧系统优化模型的研究进展，以及其中存在的问题；4）主要集中在模型目标、技术手段和实证问题几个方面对于草地放牧系统的发展方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Quantification is becoming more important in ecosystem study and widespread computer use has made ecological modeling, an important methodology in environmental management. Since the 1920s it has been developing very fast and is more and more useful in some fields of ecosystem study. Model are also used in grassland grazing systems, which are an important part of ecosystems. This paper reviews the development of optimization models of grassland grazing systems from the followed aspects, a） The concept of grassland grazing systems and the differences between grassland grazing systems and grassland ecosystems, b） The significance of optimizing grassland grazing systems. Two aspects are discussed： one is the requirement of production, the other is the deteriorating environment, c） The shortcomings of optimization models of grassland grazing systems are discussed and reviewed from the three aspects of primary production subsystems, secondary production subsystems and management subsystems, d） The further development of optimization models of grassland grazing system are forecast, including the three main points that are the object of optimization models, techniques and validation.