中文摘要：

为了实现不同播种方式下单位面积小麦穗数的智能计算，设计了一种利用图像分析技术实现大田麦穗快速计数的方法，分析了利用颜色特征和纹理特征分割麦穗的优缺点和粘连区域麦穗个数的计算方法。通过对撒播和条播各35幅样本图像进行计数实验，准确率分别为95．77％和96．89％。结果表明，利用颜色特征和纹理特征均可提取大田环境下麦穗图像，其中利用颜色特征提取速度快。麦穗骨架角点个数能够反映粘连区域麦穗个数，在条播和撒播小麦田中计数准确率均较高。

英文摘要：

The number of wheatears in each square meter is a main parameter of grain production estimate. In order to intelligently calculate the number of wheatears in certain parts, a in-field wheatear counting method based on image analysis technique was designed. Firstly, several color features such as normalized difference index were analyzed to get suitable features, which were used to extract wheatear from original image. Secondly, a comparison of the five texture features （energy, contrast, homogeneity, entropy and relation） was performed and the appropriate features were selected to segment wheat images. Finally, the number of ears was calculated. In this step, erosion and dilation operations in binary mathematical morphology were performed so as to clear impurities and awns. Hole-filling algorithm and thinning algorithm were used to get unbroken wheatear and its skeleton. Corner detection algorithm was selected to get the corners of skeleton with the purpose of estimating the wheatear number of connected region. The advantages and disadvantages of the color segmentation and texture segmentation were deeply analyzed. Twenty images with 71×92 pixels were used to evaluate the run-time of color segmentation and texture segmentation. The former took 16.97 ms and the latter took 17.76 s. To validate the effectiveness of the designed method, 35 drilling wheat images and 35 broadcasting wheat images were tested, and the average counting accuracy data for drilling wheat and broadcasting wheat were 95.77% and 96.89% , respectively. The experimental results showed that the color feature and the texture feature could be used to extract wheatear from original wheat image, and the color segmentation was faster than texture segmentation but less environmental adaptability. The corners of skeleton had close relationship with the number of wheatears in connected region.