中文摘要：

血液透析是治疗肾功能衰竭的一种最重要方法，而血液透析器是血液透析净化临床医学的重要器械之一．透析膜是血液透析器的关键核心元件，对治疗效果起着决定性作用．本文较全面的介绍了血液透析膜材料发展历程及趋势；并详细阐述了透析膜材料的血液相容性及改性方法的研究，包括抗凝血性、氧化应激、补体激活等方面；此外，也对透析膜组件的发展历程进行了较为详细的介绍．

英文摘要：

Hemodialysis is the main treating technique for renal failure, and the clinical effect is dramatically affected by dialysis membranes. The present paper introduced the mechanism of hemodialysis, the classification and development of membranes. Meanwhile, the hemocompatibility and modification of membranes, including anticoagulation, oxidative stress, complement activation, were discussed in detail. Besides, the configuration and history of hemodialyzer were also illustrated.