中文摘要：

人工纳米材料在水体中的环境行为与生物环境安全问题成为环境科学领域研究的热点，人工纳米材料与生物膜相互作用机制和影响因素是其中迫切需要研究解决的关键科学问题。本文主要探讨了人工纳米材料释放进入到水体中后对生物膜细菌活性、微生物群落结构、净污活性等的毒性效应，分析了人工纳米材料对生物膜的毒性作用机制及其影响因素，同时探讨了生物膜对人工纳米材料的吸附作用及机理，为深入研究人工纳米材料与生物膜的相互作用机制提供了重要的理论基础。

英文摘要：

Manufactured nanomaterials have been widely used in life because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The environmental behaviors and biological safety of manufactured nanomaterials in water had become a hotspot in research of environmental science. The effects of manufactured nanomaterials in water-biofilm system and its influencing mechanisms are the key scientific problems, which are urgent to be solved. This review discusses the toxicity effects of nanomaterials on aquatic organisms, which cause bacterial death, inhibiting the growth of algae. The main influences of manufactured nanomaterials on biofilms are bacterial activity, microbial community structure, net pollution activity, and related key enzyme activity. The toxicity mechanism of nanomaterials can be investigated adsorption on biofilms or penetrate into the cell membrane, lead to the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modifications and oxidative stress of the bacteria biofilms by producing excess reactive oxygen species. Also, the adsorption mechanism of biofilm for nanomaterials was discussed, and illustrates the adsorption of biofilm on nanomaterials is the most important ways of its removal from water. The results of this review provide an important theoretical basis on further study the mechanism of interacation between nanomaterials and biofilms.