中文摘要：

【目的】探究化学杀雄剂SQ-1对小麦品种间、小麦与近缘植物间、小麦与远缘植物间杂交成胚率的影响,以及阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白对小麦与玉米杂交成胚率和得苗率的影响。研究结果对于合理选用小麦杂交方式,提高小麦杂交结实率和利用玉米诱导小麦单倍体植株的效率具有重要意义。【方法】通过在小麦拔节期喷施化学杀雄剂SQ-1,开花期分别授以小麦花粉和远缘植物（黑麦、玉米）花粉,并在小麦授玉米花粉后的处理液中加入不同浓度的阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白（arabinogalactan proteins,AGP）,对小麦与玉米杂交后产生的幼胚进行离体拯救培养,统计授粉小花数、接种幼胚数、膨大颖果数、结实粒数、萌发单倍体幼胚数和单倍体植株数,计算结实率、颖果膨大率、成胚率、萌发率和成苗率并对所得数据进行差异显著性分析,结合细胞学观察结果,研究SQ-1对小麦品种间杂交及远缘杂交结实性的影响,以及AGP对小麦单倍体胚诱导率的影响。【结果】在不同小麦品种间杂交中SQ-1处理结实率19.8%—83.3%,人工去雄的结实率为69.4%—93.0%,SQ-1对不同品种的影响不同,Fielder对SQ-1的反应比较敏感;在中国春与兰州黑麦杂交中,SQ-1处理的结实率为65.5%,人工去雄处理的结实率为78.8%,两种处理方式产生的F1杂种的染色体数均为28条;在不同小麦品种与玉米品种郑单58杂交中,SQ-1处理小麦单倍体胚的成胚率为1.11%—1.41%,人工去雄小麦单倍体胚的成胚率为2.38%—14.29%;在小麦与玉米杂交后的处理液中添加0.5—2.0 g·L-1 AGP一定程度地提高了小麦单倍体胚获得率和成苗率。另外,在玉米花粉诱导的单倍体胚离体培养过程中,发现13.07%的胚发育出了2—6株苗;显微镜观察发现,玉米花粉诱导后18 d左右小麦单倍体胚上出现了多个突起,这些突起在离体培养条件下进一步发育为形态健全的小植株,其染色体数目?

英文摘要：

【Objective】The aims of this study are to clarify the effect of SQ-1 on the embryo formation in the hybridization among wheat varieties and between wheat and its relative or wild species as well as the effect of AGP on haploid embryo production and haploid plant production in the cross of wheat and maize.The findings in this study will be potentially useful to the efficiently conduction of wheat hybridization breeding and haploid breeding.【Method】In this study,the effectiveness of SQ-1 on the seed-setting after wheat varieties are crossed with other wheat varieties,rye,and maize,and AGP on haploid wheat induction in the cross between wheat and maize were investigated by spraying wheat plants with SQ-1 at booting stage,pollinating the sterile spikes with wheat,rye or maize pollens at flowering period,and treating the wheat spikes pollinated maize pollens with an AGP containing solution,respectively.In addition,in vitro culture was used to rescue the haploid wheat embryos from wheat and maize crossing.Florets pollinated,caryopses formed,grains obtained,embryos cultured,embryos germinated,and plantlets obtained were counted to calculate,caryopses formation rate,setting rate,haploid embryos induction rate,haploid embryos induction rate,and haploid production rate.All the data were analyzed for significant difference evaluation.【Result】It was found that seed setting rate for the crossing among wheat varieties was 19.8%-83.3% from SQ-1 treatment,and 69.4%-93.0% from artificial emasculation treatment.But,different wheat varieties as female parent showed different responses to SQ-1,and Fielder displayed the most sensitivity to SQ-1.For the wild crossing between a wheat line Chinese Spring（CS） and a rye line Lanzhou Heimai,the seed setting rate was 65.5% from SQ-1 treatment,and 78.8% from artificial emasculation method.All the F1 hybrids from the two treatments had 28 chromosomes.For the wild crossing between wheat and maize,wheat haploid embryo induction rate was 1.11%-1.41% from SQ-1 treatment,and 2.38%-1