中文摘要：

外泌体是一种由细胞内溶酶体微粒内陷形成、直径在40-100 nm的多囊泡体。它可由多种细胞分泌，并含有蛋白质、mRNAs和microRNAs等遗传物质，具有实现细胞间物质交换及信息传递等功能，并参与体内多种生理与病理过程。近10余年来，外泌体逐渐被重视，尤其在肿瘤、免疫性疾病的发生发展以及干细胞的分化与调节等领域的研究较为丰富，然而外泌体在中枢神经系统方面的研究还相对不足。因此，本文综述了其在中枢神经系统中的生理作用及与多种疾病发生发展的关系，以及其作为疾病标志物和治疗载体对中枢神经系统相关疾病潜在的诊断和治疗价值。

英文摘要：

Exosomes are a kind of multi-vesicular bodies ranging the size from 40 to 200 nm, formed from the intracellular lysosomal invagination. Exosomes can be released from multiple kinds of cells and contain proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs and other genetic materials, which have the fimctions of exchanging substance, transmitting information among cells and participating in internal physiological and pathological progress. Great attention has been paid to exosomes in the last ten years, especially in the fields of tumor and immune disease occurrence and development, differentiation and regulation of stem cells. However, seldom were investigated about role of exosomes in the central nervous system （CNS）. Hence, this paper reviews the physiological functions of exosomes in the CNS and their relationship with occurrence and development of many kinds of diseases. Meanwhile, the diagnostic and therapeutic value of exosomes acting as a marker of disease and potential carrier for treatment in CNS and associated diseases is elucidated.