中文摘要：

经胸超声心动图和经食管超声心动图检查已成为临床急危重患者血流动力学监测的重要手段。在重症医学科、麻醉科、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、休克、创伤、合并心肺衰竭患者的非心脏外科手术、高危的非心脏病患者的干预性诊治等方面已将超声心动图技术作为一项重要的监测工具。超声心动图便携、无创、可重复性强,并且许多研究证实其对于疾病的诊断、治疗的评价以及血液动力学重复监测、解剖结构的观察可提供重要信息。

英文摘要：

Increasing, transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） and transesophageal echocardiography （TEE） are being used to monitor hemodynamics in critically ill patients.Among patients with life-threatening illnesses such as sepsis, respiratory failure, congestive heart failure （CHF） , shock, traumatic injuries as well as patients with significant respiratory and cardiac diseases undergoing noncardiac surgery and high-risk noncardiac procedures, TFE and TEE play an important role in monitoring and decision making. Echocardiography has the advantages of portability, noninvasive, reproducibility. Particularly, it can be performed at the bed-side for avoiding patients＇ displacements, and can provide real-time transcendental information for vital decisions. With the application of echoeardiography in clinical, many studies have confirmed its value of the diagnosis, the evaluation of treatment, and the advantage of repeated monitoring of hemodynamics.