中文摘要：

目的研究噪声暴露耳蜗损伤后豚鼠下丘GABA（r-aminobutyric acid,r-氨基丁酸）神经元和GABA受体的改变。方法豚鼠被暴露于4kHz、1/3倍频程、100dB~120dB窄带噪声2~4小时建立噪声性耳蜗损伤的模型,用免疫组织化学ABC法（avidin-biotin complex,亲和素-生物素复合物法）检测声损伤后豚鼠下丘GABA神经元,计算IOD（integral optical density,积分光密度）值;用逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测GABAA/GABAB受体的含量。结果 （1）免疫组化染色结果显示,与阳性对照组（正常组）相比,噪声暴露后1天组GABA阳性神经元明显减少,但比阴性对照组明显增多。与之相应,噪声暴露后1天组的IOD值比阳性对照组（正常组）明显减少,比阴性对照组明显增多。（2）GABAA受体和GABAB受体的含量显示,噪声暴露后1天组和11天组明显减少,与正常组相比,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,噪声暴露后21天组也明显减少,与正常组相比,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论噪声暴露后豚鼠下丘GABA神经递质的减少是电生理改变的物质基础之一。

英文摘要：

Objective To study changes of GABA-ergic neurons and GABA receptors in the inferior colliculus follo- wing noise exposure in guinea pigs. Methods 1） Cochlear injury was induced with 2-4 hour exposure to 1 / 3 octave band noise centered around 4 kHz at 100 - 120 dB SPL. 2） Avidin-biotin complex staining was used to determine the IOD value in GABA neurons. 3） RT-PCR was used to measure concentration of BABAA/ GABAB receptors. Results 1） Immunohistochemical staining indicated decreased number of GABA-positive neurons 1 day after noise exposure as compared to the positive （normal） control, although the number was still higher than that of the negative control. Similarly, IOD value at 1 day after noise exposure was also lower than the positive control and higher than the negative control. 2） BABAA/ GABAB receptors were also decreased on Day 1 and Day 11 post-exposure compared to the normal control （p 0.01）. They remained lower than the normal control on Day 21 post-exposure（p 0.05）. Conclusion Decrease of GABA neurotransmitter following noise exposure is one of the material basis for electrophysiological changes.