中文摘要：

昆虫生物钟节律的研究是人类了解生物节律的重要途径。昆虫在生理和行为上具有广泛的节律活动,如运动、睡眠、学习记忆、交配、嗅觉等节律活动,其中昼夜活动行为节律的研究广泛而深入。昆虫乃至高等动物普遍具有保守的昼夜节律系统,昼夜生物钟节律主要包括输入系统：用于接受外界光和温度等环境信号并传入核心振荡器,使得生物时钟与环境同步;核心时钟系统：自我维持的昼夜振荡器;输出系统：将生物钟产生的信号传递出去而控制生物行为和生理的节律变化。早期分子和遗传学研究主要关注昼夜节律振荡器的分子机制及神经生物学,阐明了昼夜生物钟节律的主要分子机制及相关神经网络。最近更多的研究关注生物钟信号是如何输入和输出。本文以果蝇运动节律的相关研究为主要内容,围绕生物钟输入系统、振荡器、输出系统这3个组成部分对昆虫生物钟研究进展进行总结。

英文摘要：

Insects display a wide range of circadian rhythms in their behavior and physiology,such as locomotor activity,sleep,learning and memory,mating and smell.Almost all animals have conserved circadian systems.Animal circadian systems include input pathways,a core clock system and output pathways.Input pathways are the means by which circadian oscillators receive information from the environment,such as light signals and temperature changes.This allows the oscillator to remain synchronized with the environmental day-night cycle.The core clock system is an oscillator that contains the molecular mechanism that generates self-sustained rhythmicity.Output pathways transmit signals from the oscillator to produce observable rhythms in behavior and physiology.Early genetic studies,which focused on molecular mechanisms of circadian oscillators and neurobiology,clarified the main molecular mechanism and neural networks involved in circadian rhythms.More recent research focuses on how the clock receives signals from the input system and transmits signals to the output system.In this paper,we summarize research on the insect circadian clock’s input and output pathways and oscillator.