中文摘要：

目的：探讨首发精神分裂症患者认知功能损害与不同精神症状的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究，共选取符合入选标准的首发精神分裂症患者149例、正常对照193例，采用重复性成套神经心理状态测验（RBANS）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）对两组研究对象进行认知功能测试，比较两组认知功能的差异；采用阳性阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定患者的精神症状并分型，采用美国Niclet Bravo脑诱发电位仪对精神分裂症患者进行认知电位P300检测，分析患者RBANS测验总分与PANSS中不同精神症状的相关性，比较不同亚型患者认知电位P300的差异。结果患者组RBANS测试结果各因子分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；两组WCST各项测量指标比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）；患者组RBANS测试总分与PANSS阴性症状量表中的交谈缺乏自发性和流畅性、情感交流障碍呈显著正相关（r＝0.191、0.192，P＜0.05）；阴性亚型患者与阳性亚型患者认知电位P300波幅比较呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在认知功能的损害，其中认知功能损害程度与阴性症状密切相关。

英文摘要：

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between cognitive impairments and psychiatric symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods In a case-control study, a total of 149 schizophrenic patients and 193 normal controls were selected by inclusion criteria. Cognitive functions were tested using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status （RBANS） and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test （WCST） and comparison was made between the two groups. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and Brain Evoked Potentials Analyzer （Niclet Bravo, US） were used to assess mental symptoms including subtypes and cognitive evoked potential P300, respectively. Correlation between the total score of RBANS test and psychiatric symptoms in PANSS scale and comparisons of the value of cognitive evoked potential P300 among subtypes of patients were made.ResultsEach factor score in RBANS test of patient group was statistically lower than that of control group （P〈0.05）. There was statistically significant difference between each WCST score of the two groups （P〈0.05）. The statistically significant positive correlation was indicated between the RBANS total scores and the lack of spontaneity and fluency in talking scores, and emotional communication disorders scores in the negative symptom scale of PANSS （r=0.191,r=0.192,P〈0.05）. The statistically significant difference was found between amplitude of cognitive evoked potential P300 of patients with negative subtype and positive subtype （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Patients with first-episode schizophrenia have cognitive impairments and the impairment degrees are closely related to the negative symptoms.