中文摘要：

为了解大豆品种遗传改良过程中植株地上部分器官生物量的变化及其与籽粒产量的关系,以吉林省1923—2004年间育成的20个大豆品种为材料,研究了籽粒产量,收获指数和植株地上部分器官茎、叶片、叶柄及荚生物量的变化。结果表明：吉林省大豆品种的遗传改良使籽粒产量和结荚期（R4）植株生物量显著增加,收获指数增加不显著。籽粒产量的提高是生物量增加的结果,生物量与籽粒产量呈显著正相关。根据回归方程计算,在R4期,茎、叶片、叶柄和荚的生物量分别提高了19.7%、36.1%、43.0%和23.0%,以叶片和叶柄生物量的增加最为显著。植株上层、中层和下层的生物量分别增加了34.4%、55.1%和18.9%,以植株中层生物量的增加最为显著,上层次之,下层增加最小。中、上层叶片的生物量分别增加了58.3%和48.3%,中、上层叶柄的生物量分别增加了63.6%和59.4%,并与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。中、上层叶片和叶柄的生物量具有作为高产品种选择指标的价值。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the changes of organ biomass of above-ground parts of plant and the relations with kernels yield during the genetic improvement,twenty soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2004 were planted under the same conditions.The changes of kernels yield,harvest index（HI）and organ biomass of above-ground parts including stems,leaves and petioles of soybean were investigated.The results indicated that genetic improvement enhanced kernels yield and biomass at R4 stage（pod stage）significantly,while HI increased slightly.The increase of biomass improved kernels yield and had significantly positive correlation with it.According to the regression equation,the biomass of stems,leaves,petioles and pods increased by 19.7%,36.1%,43.0% and 23.0%,respectively,and leaves and petioles showed most increase.The biomass of the upper,central,and lower of canopy at R4 stage increased by 34.4%,55.1% and 18.9%,respectively,with central layers most significantly,upper layers less and lower layers least significantly.The biomass of leaves in central and upper layers increased by 58.3%,48.3% respectively,and the biomass of petioles in central and upper layers increased by 63.6%,59.4% respectively.Both of them had significantly positive correlation with kernels yield.The biomass of leaves and petioles in central and upper layers could be considered as the selection index of high-yield varieties.