中文摘要：

针对现有城镇污水处理系统存在的高投入、高产污和低效率等问题，提出了面向污水资源（ wastewater resource）极尽利用的“污水精炼（wastewater refining）”新理念，剖析了实现污水精炼的关键技术和可能的技术途径。污水精炼的核心理念是将污水视为资源，改变以污染物分解和去除为基础的现有处理技术原理，通过污水中有价值物质的精细化筛分和定向增值转化，实现污水中水、有机质和无机盐等资源的安全、高效和极尽利用。污水精炼主要包括筛分、转化和利用3个关键环节。基于技术分析，针对不同的场景，提出了污水精炼生态模式（wRefine－E）和污水精炼高端模式（wRefine－S）2种技术途径，并对污水精炼关键技术（ wastewater refining technology）进行了较为系统的分析；同时指出，再生水安全高效利用是污水精炼技术发展的重要推动力，污水再生与资源能源转化耦合是未来的必然发展方向。

英文摘要：

The present municipal wastewater treatment processes possess problems such as high investment, high waste yield and low efficiency.A new concept of wastewater refining was proposed toward ultimate utilization of wastewater resource, and key technologies and possible pathways to realize the concept analyzed.The core concept of wastewater refining is considering wastewater as resource.By changing the present treatment principles of pollutants degradation and removal, safe and efficient utilization of water, organic matters and inorganic salts can be realized by fine separation and directional transformation of valuable materials in wastewater.Wastewater refining includes three key processes of separation, transformation and utilization.Based on the technical analysis, two technical pathways of ecological and high-end modes of wastewater refining were presented for different cases.In addition, wastewater refining technology was systematically analyzed.It is pointed that the safe and efficient utilization of reclaimed wastewater is the important driver for advancing wastewater refining technology, and combining wastewater reclamation with resource and energy transformation is the future developing direction.