中文摘要：

量子计算科学是近年来物理学领域最活跃的研究前沿之一,其开拓了与经典方式具有本质区别的全新的信息处理模式.量子计算研究的根本目标是建造基于量子力学基本原理的量子信息处理技术,能在许多复杂计算问题上大大超越经典计算性能的新型计算模式.量子计算需要一个良好的量子体系作为载体.基于自旋的量子体系由于其实用的可操作性,成为量子计算载体的优秀候选.自旋的所有量子性质表现在自旋的叠加态、自旋之间的纠缠和对自旋的量子测量上.基于系综的量子计算演示实验已经被多次实现,但是系综体系在可扩展性上有其原理上的缺陷.要实现可扩展的大规模室温固态量子信息处理和量子计算的突破,实现单量子态的寻址和读出是一个最重要的前提.在已经提出的单自旋固态量子计算载体中,比较突出的一类是基于金刚石中的氮-空位色心单电子自旋体系.金刚石中的氮-空位色心单电子自旋量子态可以在室温下初始化、操控与读出,成为室温量子计算机载体的优良候选者.我们首先回顾金刚石氮-空位色心单电子自旋体系作为量子计算机载体的重要进展；然后讨论了该体系在纳米尺度灵敏探测和成像方面的重要应用；最后,描述了此领域的前景.

英文摘要：

Quantum computation technology is one of the hottest topics in physics for the past decades.It opens up a new way for computing.Mainly,quantum computation is aimed to build quantum information processing system based on quantum technology,which is much faster to solve hard problems than classic computers.A good quantum system is necessary to build a quantum computer.Thanks to its ability in manipulation,quantum spin system has become one of the best candidates for quantum computer.The quantum superposition,entanglement,and measurement show the quantum nature of spin.The demonstration of quantum computer on electronic spin ensemble was realized years ago.However,many quantum effects hide in the ensemble observation.It was only in recent years that some quantum effects have been observed in pure,single and individual quantum systems such as nitrogen-vacancy （NV） centers in diamond.The electronic spin state of a NV center can be initialized,manipulated and read out at roomtemperature.Thus it becomes a best candidate for scalable quantum computer.In this paper,a review of quantum computation based on NV centers in diamond was given.Then,some experiments in nanoscale detection and imaging were reviewed.Finally,its future was discussed.