中文摘要：

论述了现阶段国家对林业的需求是生态环境改善及木材＂量＂的严重短缺,林业用材林培育目标是提高林木产量,为此育种的关键任务是速生高抗林木新品种培育,其培育重点是高质量营养体的营养生长问题。在种业发展方面苗木生产比重远远大于种子,无性系林业繁育技术的发展,进一步提高了苗木生产的比重。在现阶段,林木品质方面的要求可以通过树种的选择得到解决,也更符合林业发展实际;林木抗性育种的难点主要是林木对物理环境和病虫害的抗性要求更高,除了一般的条件限制因素之外,还需要经历整个培育周期数十年内的极端条件。鉴于林业的特殊性,应该得到国家更多的支持,从而解决我国林业面临的国民经济发展、生态环境改善及低碳经济需求的三重压力;同时指出林业种苗业科技创新对＂速生高抗林木新品种高效培育技术体系与产业化＂的重要性。

英文摘要：

The present demand for forestry in China is to improve ecological environment and to solve the serious shortage in wood and timber quantity. The objective of forestry is to increase timber production,so the key task for breeding is to cultivate new fast-growing and high resistant forest tree varieties. The focus of this task is to culture the nutritive growth with high-quality nutrients. In the respect of seed industry development,the production ratio for nursery stock is greater then seed. The development of clone forestry reproductive technique has further enhanced the proportion of nursery stock production. At present stage,requirement for forest quality can be solved by selection of tree species. Difficulty in breeding high resistant trees relies on the higher demand for physical environment and higher resistance to pests and diseases by forestry. Except the general limiting factors,the entire training cycle has to experience extreme conditions for decades. In view of the special nature of forestry,more support should be given by the Government,so as to address the triple pressure caused by national economic development,ecological environment improvement and needs of low-carbon economy. The paper also indicates the importance of technological innovation in forestry nursery stock and seed industry for ＂high efficient cultivation technology system and industrialization of new fast-growing and high resistant forest tree varieties＂.