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中文摘要：
肝细胞癌（HCC）是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是世界上第五大常见癌症,死亡率仅次于肺癌和结肠癌.预计未来20年,其发病率死亡率还会成倍上升.目前关于肝癌发生的细胞学机制仍不明确.随着对肿瘤和干细胞的研究逐渐深入,Hamburger和Salmon提出肿瘤干细胞学说[3],该学说认为：肿瘤组织中仅有一小部分（＜1.0％）肿瘤细胞有致瘤性,绝大多数肿瘤细胞没有或仅有有限的增殖能力,这小部分肿瘤细胞因具有一些与干细胞相似的自我更新、增殖、分化等特性,被称为肿瘤干细胞（cancer stem cells,CSCS）.肿瘤的形成和发展为该细胞主导过程.在此后大量实验中证实乳腺癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌及脑肿瘤等均存在肿瘤干细胞.于是推测出肝癌中也存在着肝癌干细胞（liver cancer stem cells,LCSCs）.肝癌干细胞是近年来的研究热点,若能证实其在肝癌发病中起到的作用,则将会对肝癌的诊断和治疗产生重大的意义.本文对近年来的肝癌干细胞研究进展做一综述.
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