中文摘要：

基因组编辑技术对植物基因功能研究和作物遗传改良具有巨大的潜在价值。CRISPR／Cas9系统是继锌指核酸酶（ZFNs）和类转录激活效应因子核酸酶（TALENs）系统之后的新一代基因组编辑技术系统，具有操作简单和效率高等优点。概述了CRISPR／Cas9系统的技术特点及其在水稻基因功能研究及遗传改良中的应用，并指出了该系统在植物基因精准编辑中需要突破的关键问题。

英文摘要：

The genome editing technologies have been playing increasingly important roles in functional genomics and genetic improvement in crops. The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 system is a new generation of genome editing tool after the ZFNs and TALENs systems, and has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency. Here we summarize the technical features of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications in rice functional genomics studies and genetic improvement. We also indicate the existing problems to be resolved and perspectives of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in plants.