中文摘要：

目的应用基因芯片快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平rpoB基因突变和耐异烟肼katG、inhA基因突变，建立一种新的分子药敏试验方法。方法根据结核分枝杆菌rpoB、katG、inhA基因序列设计探针并制作DNA芯片，PCR掺入法荧光标记，结核分枝杆菌基因突变位点的目的片断与DNA芯片杂交，同时以传统药敏试验和DNA测序法为对照。结果70株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中，20株药物敏感株芯片杂交结果与标准株完全相同；30株耐RIF临床分离株均检测到rpoB基因突变；50株异烟肼耐药株中有41株检测到katG基因突变，9株检测到inhA基因突变，与测序结果完全一致。结论用DNA芯片可快速、特异地检测出大多数结核分枝杆菌分离株的rpoB、katG、inhA基因突变，可用于临床耐药性的检测，指导临床用药。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of detecting the mutations of rpoB gene in rifampicin （RIF）- resistant Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis strains and that of katG and inhA genes in isoniazid （INH）-resistant by gene chip, and to develop a new, rapid detection method for drug resistance. METHODS Using traditional drug susceptibility testing and PCR-DNA sequencing as control, the rpoB, katG, and inhA genes from 70 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were analyzed by PCR-oligonucleotide microchip. RESULTS Thirty of the RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis strains were detected for the mutations of rpoB gene by gene chip. Among 50 INH-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, 40 strains were detected for the mutations of katG gene and 10 strains were detected out the mutations of inhA gene. Twenty of the drug-sensitive strains were identical with the type strain, which were consistent with the results of DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Using the gene chip can detect gene mutation of drug resistantce with higher specificity and sensitivity, which can be used for clinical detection of drug-resistant strains in clinics.