中文摘要：

芸薹属是芸薹科（旧称十字花科）中最为重要的一个属,属内包含许多重要的蔬菜、油料及饲料作物。有鉴于此,几十年来人们对芸薹属栽培种基因组进行了广泛、细致而深入的研究。这些基于普通细胞学、分子细胞遗传学以及比较基因组学的研究结果不仅在宏观和微观水平上初步揭示了芸薹属不同基因组的结构及相互关系,也在芸薹属作物的传统和现代分子育种中得到了广泛应用。可以预见,芸薹属作物基因组的研究,将随着芸薹属作物的基因组测序和芸薹科植物比较基因组项目（BMAP）的开展,以及表观基因组、转录组及蛋白组研究的介入而得到进一步的深化,也必将把芸薹属作物的遗传改良推向一个新台阶。

英文摘要：

The genus Brassica,in which there is a considerable number of vegetables for daily tables,crops for edible oil and forage grown world wide,is the most important member of Brassicaceae（previous known as the Cruciferae）.Extensive,detailed and in-depth studies thus had been implemented to Brassica genome in the past several decades,especially for those recent progresses based on molecular cytogenetics and comparative genome research,which not only revealed primarily the structure and evolution relationships of Brassica genomes but also benefited the traditional and modern molecular breeding of Brassica crops.In future,the initiating of Brassicaceae MapAlignmentProject（BMAP） anddeveloping studies on epigenomics,transcriptomics and proteomics will accelerate the researches on Brassica genomes,thus promote furtherthe genetic improvement of Brassica crops.