中文摘要：

目的探讨骨髓间质细胞（MSCs）移植对前脑缺血大鼠海马CA1区乙酰胆碱能纤维的保护作用。方法体外分离培养骨髓间质细胞；将60只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、MSCs颅内移植组两组。移植术后12周时用morris水迷宫评定大鼠空间学习记忆能力，乙酰胆碱脂酶（AchE）染色观察海马CA1区AchE染色阳性纤维密度和形态变化。结果MSCs移植组空间学习及记忆能力明显提高，海马AchE染色提示MSCs移植组AchE染色阳性纤维密度增高，形态整齐。纤维完整、浓密。海马AchE阳性纤维密度与逃避潜伏期成负相关，与跨原平台象限时间百分比呈正相关。结论MSCs颅内移植促进大鼠空间学习记忆能力的改善可能与MSCs对乙酰胆碱能纤维有保护作用有关。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the protection of MSCs to cholinergic neurofiber in hippocampus＇ CA1 zone when MSCs been transplanted to CA1 zone. Methods Isolating and culturing the bone marrow stromal cells in vitro; 60 SD rats were randomly divided into MSCs-treated group and control group,evaluating the spatial learning and remembering with morris water maze,oberving the number and morphology changes of rats＇ cholinergic neurofiber in hippocampus＇ CA1 zone. Results There was significant deviaion between MSCs-treated group and control group（P〈0. 01） ,AchE staining in hippocampus＇ CA1 zone showed Ache positive fibers higher density in MSCs-treated group,shape regularity,fibers integrity and thickening. Correlation analysis showed that the densities of Ache-rich fibers in hippocampus had significantly negative correlation with the escape latency,and positive correlation with time percentage of straddling the origin platform quadrant. Conclusion Transplantation of MSCs to the global forebrain ischemia can promote the improvement of the the spatial learning and remembering,which maybe has the relation with the MSCs＇ protection to cholinergic neurofiber.