中文摘要：

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯为非离子单体，甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）为阳离子单体，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐（AIBA）为引发剂，十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）和乙撑基双（十六烷基二甲基氯化铵）（G16—2—16）为乳化剂，采用半连续种子乳液聚合法进行阳离子乳液聚合。探讨了乳化剂的分子结构和用量对反应速率、单体转化率以及乳胶粒粒径、Zeta电位等的影响。结果表明：乳化剂的用量越大，反应速率越大，单体转化率越高，而乳胶粒粒径越小；使用G16—2—16作乳化剂时，单体转化率较高，乳胶粒粒径较大，Zeta电位较高。

英文摘要：

The semi-continuous seeded cationic emulsion polymerization was carried out with butyl acry- late and styrene as the monomers, methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride （DMC） as cationic monomer, 2, 2＇-azobis （N, N＇-dimethyleneiso butyramidine）dihydrochloride （AIBA） as initiator, EG16- 2-16：C16H33N＋ （CH3）aC1- C2H4-C1 N＋ （CH3）3C16H33 and [-CTAC：CI6Haa N＋ （CH3）aC1 ] as emulsifi ers. Effects of the molecule structures and amount of emulsifiers on the reaction rate, instantaneous con- version, mean particle size and Zeta potential were analyzed. Results showed that with the increasing of the emulsifier concentration, the reaction rate and the instantaneous conversion increased, while the mean particle diameter decreased. The instantaneous conversion, mean particle diameter and Zeta potential obtained from the reactions carried out with G16-2-16 as emulsifier were bigger than those obtained from the reactions carried out with CTAC as emulsifier.