中文摘要：

目的：探讨短期丰富生存环境的干预对老年雌性大鼠海马及海马内有髓神经纤维的影响。方法：将雌性SD大鼠随机分为丰富生存环境组和对照组，采用Morris水迷宫对大鼠的空间学习能力进行测试；透射电子显微镜和新的体视学方法分别对各组大鼠大脑海马及其有髓神经纤维进行定量研究。结果：短期丰富生存环境组老年雌性大鼠与空白对照组相比，其空间学习能力无显著差异；大脑海马总体积、海马内有髓神经纤维总长度、海马内有髓神经纤维总体积和海马内有髓神经纤维直径均无显著改变。结论：4个月短期丰富生存环境的干预对于28月龄雌性大鼠空间学习能力、海马内有髓神经纤维均没有产生显著性影响。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the effects of shor-term enriched environment on the hippocampus and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampus of aged female rats. Methods： 24-month female SD rats were randomly divided into enriched environment （EE） group and standard environment （SE） group （n= 10）. The rats were reared in enriched environment and in standard environment for 4 months. Then, the spatial learning capacity of EE rats and SE rats was assessed using Morris water maze. After this, 5 rats were randomly chosen from each group. The hippocampus and myelinated fibers in the hippocampus of EE rats and SE rats were quantitatively investigated with transmission electron microscope and stereological techniques. Results： No significant differences in the spatial learning capacity were found in the EE and SE groups. There were no significant differences in the the hippocampal volume, the total length and total volume of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampus between EE rats and SE rats. Conclusion： Short-term enriched environment has no significant effect on the hippocampus and myelinated fibers in the hippocampus of 24-month female rats.