中文摘要：

土壤生物是土壤发生与发展的重要推动力，是土壤生态系统中最为活跃的组成部分。本文在系统查阅近10年来国内外土壤生物学文献的基础上，分析了中国土壤生物学研究的现状特点，从土壤生态学、土壤生物化学、土壤微生物学、土壤-植物系统、土壤动物学几个方面概括了土壤生物学研究的主要进展。结合国际土壤科学发展的前沿和热点问题，建议重点开展土壤生物与全球环境变化、土壤生物与土壤质量、土壤生物多样性与生态功能、微生物宏基因组学与活性物质开发、土壤污染与生物修复、土壤酶学与元蛋白质组技术等方面的研究。

英文摘要：

Soil organism is a key driving force of soil formation and evolution, and the most active component of a soil ecosystem as well. Based on literatures available of the past decade the world over, status quo of the study of soil biology in China was analyzed, and major progresses of the study was summarized from the angles of soil biology, soil biochemistry, soil microbiology, soil-plant system and soil zoology. By taking into consideration the frontier and hot issues of the study on soil science the world over, it is recommended that foci of the study should be placed on soil biology and globs al environment changes, soil biology and soil quality, soil biodiversity and its ecological functions, soil microbial met- agenomics and development of active substances, soil pollution and bioremediation, and soil enzymology and metapro- teomic techniques, etc