中文摘要：

本文首先回顾了速度-状态摩擦本构定律的发展历程，给出了其基本形式，并对本构参数的计算、在实际断层中应用所涉及的尺度问题等进行了介绍．其次，基于数值模拟速度步长试验和滑动-控制-滑动试验，比较分析了不同形式本构定律的适用情况．再次，对速度-状态摩擦本构定律的实际应用研究进展进行了介绍，包括稳定性分析、愈合与应力降性质、震后余滑和断层的流变性质等方面．之后，介绍了该摩擦本构定律在各国的研究进展．最后，综合分析了目前使用的本构定律存在的问题以及下一步可能的进展．

英文摘要：

Firstly, this paper reviews the development of rate-and state-dependent friction laws and their basic forms. Secondly, methods of determinating constitutive parameters are reviewed. The scaling problem, the application in nature of laboratory measurements of constitutive parameters, is discussed. Numerical simulations of velocity stepping tests and slide-hold-slide tests have been performed to compare each friction laws. Thirdly, the applications of constructive laws, including stability of sliding, the relationship between frictional healing and stress drop, afterslip and the rheology of mature fault zones, are reviewed. Further, the development of these laws in different countries has been introduced. Finally, the problems of appling rate- and state-dependent friction laws to natural faults have been proposed, as well as future work.