中文摘要：

目的调查铁路施工和运营现场职业病危害因素,分析其对劳动者健康的危害程度,提出防护对策建议。方法对铁路施工和运营现场进行职业卫生学调查及工作场所职业病危害因素检测。结果铁路建设施工现场隧道施工过程中的粉尘、一氧化碳、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素的浓度或强度超过国家职业卫生标准限值的要求,运营现场车辆系统和机务系统粉尘、毒物、噪声、高温的浓度或强度部分超过国家职业卫生标准限值的要求。结论铁路施工和运营现场存在的主要职业病危害因素和防治重点依次为粉尘、噪声、毒物、高温等。

英文摘要：

Objective Occupational hazards and the hazardous degree on the workers ＇ health in the workplaces of railway during construction and operation were investigated and analyzed. Methods Occupational health investigation and detection of occupational hazards in the workplaces were implemented in some railway construction and operation on-sites. Results The concentration or intensity of industrial dust,carbon monoxide,noise and high temperature exceeded the occupational exposure limits in the process of the railway tunnel construction,also in the part of vehicle system and locomotive system. Conclusion The main occupational hazards and the key points of the prevention and treatment in railway construction and operation are dust,noise,toxic substances,high temperature and so on.