中文摘要：

根据孢粉、古土壤和考古资料，结合甘肃、青海地区的地形特征，发现4kaBP前气候温暖湿润．马家窑文化分布在黄河及其支流的森林草原河谷地区，东界在六盘山，向北则向河西走廊延伸．且主要从事种植业。4kaBP后，由于气候环境的恶化，自然带向东迁移，生存环境演替为温带草原．齐家文化替代了马家窑文化。为适应自然环境的变化，甘肃、青海地区人类文化遗址也向东南低海拔地区转移，且产业结构中畜牧业比重显著增加。

英文摘要：

Based on pollen, paleosol, archaeology materials and terrain features in Gansu-Qinghai Region, this paper reveals that climate was warm and humid at 4 ka BP, culture of Majiayao was distributed over forest-steppe valley region around the Yellow River and its branches. The Liupan Mountain was the eastern boundary of culture of Majiayao, which extended northward to Hexi Corridor and was mainly engaged in planting industry. Around 4 ka BP, environment went worse, and natural zones moved eastward. Meanwhile, culture of Qijia replaced that of Majiayao, and the survival environment shifted to temperate steppe. In order to respond and be adapted to the environmental changes, cultural relics moved southeastward back to low elevation regions, and the proportion of animal husbandry in industrial structure increased obviously.