中文摘要：

生态形态学（ecological morphology or ecomorphology）是一门比较的学科。是生物学和生态学的交叉领域。自从Karr和James介绍“生态形态学”一词以来，对这个领域的研究兴趣稳步增长。在20世纪80年代以前，强调研究大量生态和形态变量之间的广泛联系，或者研究与Hutchinson生态位理论相一致的形态和生态格局。在20世纪90年代以后，除了继续研究不同地区鱼类群落的生态形态格局外，许多研究聚焦于某种生物的形态、现实生态位和环境之间的关系，以及与生态形态相关的生理、生物机制和进化方面的问题。

英文摘要：

The definition, nomenclature, methodology, main aspects and research directions of the ecomorphology （or ecological morphology） of fish were reviewed on the basis of collected literatures in this paper. Ecomorphology is a comparative discipline; the central goal is the study of the interactions between the morphology of organisms and their ecology both in the present and over evolutionary time. These interactions can be studied at multiple levels： among individuals within a species, among species and higher taxa, among guilds and communities. From an ecological perspective ecomorphological studies have three aims： （1） measurements of the correlation between general morphological variation and ecological variation; （2） making ecological inferences from morphological pattern; （3） determination of the underlying morphological mechanism that influences resource use by an organism and the degree to which ecomorphological relationships are influenced by other factors. The main aspects of ecomorphological research include application of a more functional approach to the choice of characters, integration of morphological, behavioral, and physiological information to address adaptation, and the expansion of spatial and temporal （ontogenetic and evolutionary） scales of ecomorphological questions. In the future, research directions for ecomorphology include additions to the knowledge base, further integration of information from other disciplines, examination of the relative contribution of genetic versus environmental factors in producing and maintaining ecological and morphological diversity, and insights from ecomorphological studies used to reveal the composition of ecological communities and predict the impacts on existing communities by biotic or abiotic disturbance, including species introductions or other anthropogenic manipulations.