中文摘要：

为使锚杆支护工程的设计计算和数值模拟更加合理,对端锚黏结式锚杆进行了常规拉拔试验和动拉拔荷载试验,分析了静、动荷载下锚杆的受力特征并提出了力学计算模型。结合试验和力学模型计算结果,比选了多单元数2结点杆单元和少单元数高阶次杆单元的计算精度和计算量。试验结果表明,端锚黏结式锚杆在静荷载下轴向应力呈三角形分布,在动荷载下轴向应力呈负指数分布。受力分析表明,静荷载作用下黏锚力可视为均匀分布,动荷载作用下黏锚力可近似简化为三角形分布。对比试验和理论分析结果,高阶杆单元能简洁明了地反映静、动荷载下锚杆的非均匀受力情况,并能有效减少单元数目和结点数目,大大减少计算量,同时提高计算精度,相比多单元数2结点杆（索）单元优势明显。静、动载试验和理论成果为锚杆支护工程的设计计算和数值模拟提供了参考和依据。

英文摘要：

To make the calculation and numerical simulation of bolting engineering design more reasonable, both the conventional static and dynamic drawing load tests are conducted on bonding bolt with end anchorage. The stress characteristics of the anchor bolt are analyzed under static and dynamic loading conditions, and then a mechanical calculation model is put forward. With combination of calculation results of test and mechanical model, the calculation precision and the amount of calculation are compared between multiple numbers of two nodes pole element and less number of higher order pole element. Experimental results show that the distribution of axial stress of bonded anchor bolt is triangular under static loading; while it is negative exponent under dynamic loading. Further stress analysis shows that： sticky anchor force can be regarded as uniform distribution under static loading, but it can be simplified as a triangle distribution under dynamic loading. By comparing experimental results with theoretical results, it is found that the higher order pole element can concisely reflect the non-uniform stress distribution of anchor bolt under static and dynamic loadings, and can effectively reduce the element numbers, node numbers, and the amount of calculation greatly, meanwhile improve the calculation accuracy. It has obvious advantages than multiple number of two nodes pole element. Static and dynamic loading testing results and theoretical results provide a reference and basis for the design calculation and numerical simulation of anchor bolt support engineering.