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中文摘要：
为了更准确认识卸荷速率对岩石力学性质的影响规律,进行不同卸荷速率的三轴卸围压试验,试验采用新的试验路径和加载方式,减少试验过程对试验结果的不利影响。针对锦屏二级水电站深埋大理岩,通过新提出的描述变量（应变围压柔量）重点分析卸围压速率在0.01～1.0MPa/s范围内围压卸荷对变形规律的影响,研究扩容过程的演化规律和强度特征的差异。研究结果表明,大理岩的轴向变形和扩容过程受卸围压速率的影响较为显著,影响规律主要由初始围压水平控制。卸围压试验扩容过程与常规三轴压缩试验峰前阶段的扩容演化规律存在显著差异。不同卸围压速率破坏时获得的极限承载强度均高于加载速率为0.5MPa/s时常规三轴压缩的峰值强度。随着卸围压速率的增大,极限承载强度不断提高,达到1.0MPa/s速率时极限承载强度可提高10%～15%。
英文摘要：
In order to understand exactly the influence of unloading rate on mechanical properties of rock,the unloading confining pressure tests under different unloading rates are carried out,which use new loading path and operation method.Thus the disadvantageous effect on test process of the results is reduced.And the deep-buried marble samples cored from Jinping II hydropower station are tested.Based on a new description variable presented as strain-pressure compliance,the influences of the unloading confining pressure path are analyzed on the axial and volume deformations and strengths.The results indicate that the unloading rates of the confining pressure have significant influence on the deformation of Jinping marble,and the initial confining pressure levels mainly control the corresponding influence rules.There are obvious differences in the dilatant processes between the unloading confining pressure tests and triaxial compression tests.In unloading confining pressure tests,the limited bearing loads under the range of unloading rates between 0.01 MPa/s and 1.0 MPa/s are higher than those in the conventional triaxial compression tests under the loading rate of 0.5 MPa/s.Limited bearing capacity increases along with the rise of unloading rates,and increases 10%-15% at the rate of 1.0 MPa/s.
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