中文摘要：

在因素结构水平上评估跨群体的一致性是在心理学研究中常常遇见的一个问题，对此问题的解答，可以选择探索性因素分析→目标旋转→一致性评估这一途径。本文首先介绍正交目标旋转的简单原理，然后介绍其在心理研究中的应用以及相关软件和程序。目标旋转之后，结构一致性的量化可以采用一致性系数等指标，这些指标可采用一定的实证分布、近似处理或经验标准进行统计检验。之后采用一项实证数据，演示探索性因素分析、目标旋转以及结构一致性的评估方法。

英文摘要：

Applications of structure-oriented techniques to investigate cross-group or cross-situation factorial agreement/similarity are common practices in psychological researches （e.g. cross-cultural research）. Exploratory factor analysis followed with target/Procrustes rotation and factorial agreement/similarity assessment is an approach to accomplish this purpose. In this article, the brief principle of orthogonal Procrustes rotation is introduced, then, the application in psychological researches is reviewed, and some related software and procedure are recommended. After target rotation, factorial agreement can be measured by some indications like congruence coefficient, which can be tested according to empirical sampling distribution or rule of thumb. The proposed analysis procedure for assessing factorial agreement is illustrated with empirical data of positive affect and negative affect of male and female adolescents. Finally, most of the important issues in the three stages of the procedure are summarized.