中文摘要：

提出了一个交通拥挤网络的效率衡量方法，该方法能综合反映网络中交通需求、路段流量、旅行费用等因素对网络效率的影响，并基于该衡量方法，设计了一个网络组件（如节点和路段等）的重要度评价方法，用来辨别网络中重要的节点和路段，且该评价方法计算简便，计算结果具有一致性。算例计算分析的结果表明，相对其他网络效率衡量方法，根据本文方法计算得到的网络效率，能科学地反映交通拥挤网络的实际运行情况，并验证了所提出的效率衡量方法和重要度评价方法的合理性，同时还说明了交通拥挤网络的效率和组件重要度，均与网络中当前交通流量有直接关系。

英文摘要：

A network efficiency measure for transportation congested networks, which reflects the influence of demands, costs, flows, and behavior on transportation network efficiency, is proposed in this paper. Accordingly, a method for evaluating the importance of the component （as nodes and links） is developed, which can be used to distinguish the important nodes and links in the networks. The results denote the rationality of the efficiency measure and the importance evaluating method, for the data computed by this method conform to the practice of the transportation networks and confirm that the network efficiency and the importance of the network components are all related to the network flows.