中文摘要：

以硼酸镁（Mg2B2O5）和硼酸铝（Al4B2O9）晶须作为中子吸收体与高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合,制备了硼酸盐晶须/HDPE复合材料。讨论了影响材料力学性能及屏蔽性能的因素,并与常用的碳化硼（B4C）屏蔽材料进行了对比。实验结果表明：3种复合材料对热中子的屏蔽效果为B4C〉Mg2B2O5〉Al4B2O9,复合材料对热中子的屏蔽率均随吸收体含量和材料厚度的增加而增大,当硼酸镁晶须/HDPE复合材料的厚度为15.76mm时,材料对热中子的屏蔽率可达86.58%。晶须/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度随晶须含量的增加而增大,当硼酸镁晶须的含量为9.1%时,复合材料的拉伸强度可达24.39 MPa,和碳化硼/HDPE复合材料相比,硼酸盐晶须更能增强HDPE基屏蔽材料的力学性能。

英文摘要：

Borate whisker/high density polyethylene（HDPE）composite materials were prepared using magnesium borate and aluminum borate whiskers as neutron absorber object.The effects on tensile strength and shielding ratio of the composites were studied and the experiment results were compared with boron carbide（B4C）commonly used as shielding materials.The results show that the shielding ratio of three composite materials to the thermal neutron is B4C〉Mg2B2O5〉Al4B2O9.The shielding ratio of the com-posite material increases with borate content and thickness of the composite material.The shielding ratio of the composite material is 86.58% when the thickness of the Mg2B2O5 whisker/HDPE composite material is 15.76 mm.The tensile strength of the whisker/HDPE composite material increases with whisker content.The tensile strength of the Mg2B2O5 whisker/HDPE composite material with 9.1% content of Mg2B2O5 whisker is 24.39 MPa.The composites enhanced by whisker possess prominent mechanical properties compared with B4C/HDPE composite material.