中文摘要：

【目的】鉴定黄淮麦区近年小麦主栽品种和后备品种对当前条锈菌流行小种的抗性水平；了解抗条锈病基因在该区小麦品种中分布状况，为小麦安全生产与品种合理布局提供依据。【方法】以中国小麦条锈菌当前流行小种条中32（CYR32）和水源致病类型14对黄淮麦区126个小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗性鉴定；分别用Yr9（1B/1R）、Yr5、Yr10、Yr15和Yr26基因有效的分子标记检测其在参试品种（系）中的分布状况。【结果】在126个供试材料中，对CY32和水源致病类型14均表现免疫或近免疫的品种（系）只有11个，占8.73%；携带Yr9基因的小麦－黑麦1B/1R 易位系的频率仍高达41.6%；分子检测表明，14份抗CY32的小麦品种（系）中，6份可能含有Yr5基因，4份可能含有Yr10基因，4份可能含有Yr15基因，3份可能含有Yr26基因；周麦17、0020-332和N19等3份材料未检测到上述Yr基因（分子标记）的存在，其对CYR32的抗性可能是受其它未知基因控制。【结论】黄淮麦区小麦品种（系），特别是主栽品种对当前条锈菌流行小种的抗性水平较低，对新小种具有良好抗性的Yr5、Yr10、Yr15和Yr26基因在小麦品种（系）中的分布频率很低，亟待将这些抗条锈病基因转育至小麦品种中。

英文摘要：

[Objective] This study was to estimate the level of resistance of wheat cultivars or breeding lines against the stripe rust, and to detect the stripe rust resistant genes deployed in these wheat cultivars by molecular markers. [Method]One hundred and twenty-six wheat cultivars and breeding lines, collected from Huanghui wheat region, were tested at the seedling stage using two Chinese races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritic i （pst）, CYR32 and Su14, and the five stripe rust resistance genes, Yr5, Yr10 Yr15, Yr26 and Yr9 （1BL/1RS wheat-rye translocation）, were detected by itself molecular markers, respectively. [Result] There were 11 resistance cultivars （or breeding lines） against the two Chinese pst, account for 8.73 %; 1BL/1RS wheat-rye translocation was account for 41.6%. Out of 14 cultivars showing resistance to CY32, Yr5 was detected in six cultivars, Yr10 was detected in four cultivars, Yr15 was detected in four cultivars, Yr26 was detected in three cultivars; and the resistance against CYR32 in the other three entries, Zhoumai17, 0020-332 and N19, were controlled by unknown resistant genes. [Conclusion] Most of the cultivars planted in the Huanghuai wheat region could not be resistant to the both current virulent races, CYR32 and Su14, and there are indications that Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr26 exist in a few cultivars, respectively, in Huanghuai wheat region.