中文摘要：

社会阶层是心理学研究的一个新的前沿领域，是指由于经济、政治等多种原因而形成的，在社会层次结构中处于不同地位的群体，这些群体之间存在着客观的社会资源（收入、教育和职业）的差异，以及感知到由此造成的社会地位的差异。基于社会认知视角的社会阶层理论认为，处于同一阶层中的个体，由于共享的经历，形成了相对稳定的认知倾向，低阶层者是情境主义的，高阶层是唯我主义的。大量的实证研究进一步证实，环境所导致的认知倾向差异，使得高低阶层这在感知自我、他人和社会的方式存在显著的不同。而本土化的社会阶层心理学研究是需要未来深入探索的研究方向。

英文摘要：

For more than 100 years, social scientists such as Durkheim, Marx and Engels found that social class has profound impact on social life. However, not until recently, psychologists discovered that the effects of social class on social life can be explained by individual＇s cognition, emotion and behavior. In this review, the definition of social class which developed by psychologists was first introduced, then the measure method of objective and subjective social class. Next, it emphasized the impact of social class on individual＇s cognition, emotion and behavior from the social cognitive perspective. Social class, a new frontier of psychological inquiry, is a context rooted in both the material substance of social life （income, education, occupation status） and the individual＇s construal of her or his class rank. Accordingly, social class can be measured through indices of an individual＇s material resources and perceived social class rank relative to others. The social cognitive theory of social class further proposed that the material lives of upper- and lower-class individuals differ markedly and translate to class-based differences in social-cognitive tendencies. The life circumstances of lower-class individuals give rise to contextualism social cognitive tendencies, but the social context of upper-class individual creates a solipsistic social cognitive tendency. These class-related social cognitive tendencies yield systematic influences on how people from upper- and lower-class contexts think about the self, relate to others, and perceive the social world. Recently, most hypotheses of this theory have been proved. Firstly, social class has impact upon self. Large numbers of studies found that contextualist tendencies lead lower class individuals to be more reactive to social threats, more communal, and making more common choice, whereas solipsistic tendencies lead upper-class individuals to be less threat sensitivity, feeling more personal control and making more unique choice. Secondly, Social