中文摘要：

规模化和产业化开发利用木质纤维素类生物质面临着许多科学和技术上的挑战，这些挑战的核心是如何实现木质纤维素生物质的高效分离与有效转化。然而，在自然界中，不同生物系统分别进化出了其独特的木质纤维素降解与转化的生物过程机制，通过采用不同的策略与途径来克服生物质的抗降解屏障。综述了不同自然生物转化系统在降解生物质过程中的策略与过程特征，并着重分析了食木白蚁肠道消化系统在生物质降解过程中高效转化与利用的独特系统特点。向白蚁生物系统学习，利用自然生物系统的启迪及其相关基因与酶资源，结合生物仿生技术可望建立新型的生物质降解工艺，逐渐实现生物质的低能耗、低污染、高效率、全值化利用。

英文摘要：

The large scale industrial utilization of lignocellulose biomass nowadays confronts with a series of challenges both from science and technology,and the core of the challenges is how to achieve highly effective fractionation and conversion of biomass.In the nature,a variety of biological processing and their mechanisms on lignocellulose degradation and conversion have been evolved from different biological systems,where very different strategies have been employed to deal with the biomass recalcitrance.This paper reviewed the different strategies and processing characterizations of several representative natural biomass conversion systems,and particularly highlighted their systematic profi les of effective conversion of biomass by wood-feeding termites.By learning from the biological conversion systems with the biomimetic technology,it can be confi rmed that a novel biomass degradation processing system can be potentially established when combining the nature-inspired technology with those unique resources of genes and enzymes from termites or other biological systems,with which the goal of a low cost,low pollution,and high efficiency for biomass conversion will possibly come to be true in the near future.