中文摘要：

目的：探讨学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的视觉-运动整合能力特点,为实施有针对性的早期干预方案提供依据.方法：采用1∶1病例对照的设计,选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ） ADHD诊断标准的4～6岁儿童（混合型37例、注意缺陷为主型28例、多动/冲动为主型14例）及正常对照各79例.采用视觉-运动整合发育测验（VMI）来评定视觉-运动整合情况.结果：ADHD儿童VMI测验异常检出率高于对照组（32.9％ vs.7.6％,P＜0.01）；ADHD各亚型VMI测验异常检出率从高到低依次为混合型、注意缺陷为主型、多动/冲动为主型,各亚型组间差异均有统计学意义（45.9％ vs.25.0％ vs.14.3％,均P＜0.05）；ADHD儿童的VMI测验得分低于正常对照组[（90.2±19.4） vs.（100.5±10.7）,P＜0.05],混合型ADHD儿童的VMI测验得分低于注意缺陷为主型和多动/冲动为主型[（84.5±23.1） vs.（93.7±15.2）,（97.9±11.5）；均P＜0.05].结论：学龄前ADHD儿童可能存在视觉-运动整合能力方面的缺陷,对学龄前ADHD儿童视觉-运动整合能力的评估有助于早期识别和早期预防学习和行为问题.

英文摘要：

Objective：To explore the characteristics of visual-motor integration capability among preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）,to provide the evidence for early intervention programs.Methods：Totally 79 preschool children with ADHD,including 37 with mixed subtype,28 with attention deficit and 14 with hyperactivity/impulse type,and 79 normal controls were selected.The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition （DSM-Ⅳ） criteria.The children＇s visual-motor integration was assessed with the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration （VMI）.Results：The abnormal rate of VMI was higher in children with ADHD than in the controls （32.9％ vs.7.6％,P ＜0.01）.The abnormal rates of VMI in various subtypes of ADHD were 45.9％ for combine type,25.0％ for predominantly inattentive type,and 14.3％ for hyperactive-impulsive type （Ps ＜ 0.05）.The VMI development test scores were lower in children with ADHD than in controls [（90.2 ± 19.4） vs.（100.5 ± 10.7）,P ＜ 0.05].The VMI scores were lower in combine type than in hyperactive-impulsive type and predominantly inattentive type [（84.5 ± 23.1）vs.（93.7 ± 15.2）,（97.9 ± 11.5）,Ps ＜ 0.05].Conclusion：It suggests that preschool children with ADHD may have defects in visual-motor integration,and visual-motor integration evaluation may be helpful to early identification and prevention of learning and behavior problems for preschool children with ADHD.