中文摘要：

采用富集培养、分离纯化等微生物学方法对上海市供水管网生物膜中的微生物特征进行了分析。结果表明：直接采用电镜观察管壁上的生物膜样品，难以看到微生物的明显生长；经富集培养和分离纯化后，所观察到的生物膜中的微生物以细菌尤其是杆菌居多，且阀门上生物膜中的微生物种群较管壁上的丰富；从所取生物膜样品中还分离出了放线菌和真菌，这些微生物不是管网生物膜中微生物种群的主体，但它们的存在增加了微生物种群的复杂性。

英文摘要：

The microbial characteristics of biofilm samples taken from the Shanghai water distribution system were analyzed using microbiological methods such as enriched cultivation, separation, purification and so on. The results show that： ① Under the electron microscope, it is difficult for observing microbial growth in the biofilm samples taken from pipe walls. ② From observations after cultivation, separation and purification, it is found that microorganisms in the biofilm are mainly bacteria, especially bacilli. Microbial species in the biofilm are more abundant on the valves than on pipe walls. A type of actinomycete and a type of epiphyte were separated from the biofilm samples. Although they do not make up the majority of microorganisms in the biofilm, but their existence presents complications for the microbial population .