中文摘要：

微小RNA（miRNAs）是一大类小的非编码RNA，它通过与靶mRNA 3’非翻译区部分互补配对来调节特定基因的表达。近来研究表明，miRNA可作为癌基因或抑癌基因在肺癌发生发展过程中起重要作用。比较癌组织和非癌组织中miRNA表达谱的差异可筛选出部分miRNA分子作为肺癌诊断和预后判断的潜在生物标记。调节具有致癌或抑癌功能的miRNA表达可能成为肺癌治疗新方法，而结合传统放化疗及其敏感性miRNA标志也为肺癌治疗研究提供了新的策略。该文对miRNA在肺癌发生与发展、基因诊断和治疗中的作用做一综述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a large class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of specific genes through binding to the partially complementary 3＇ untranslated regions （3＇ UTR） of target mRNAs. Recent studies have suggested important roles for miRNAs in oncogenesis and development of lung cancer as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Some selected miRNAs can be used as the potential biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis in lung cacner by comparing the different expression profiles of lung cancer tissues with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. To regulate the expression of carcinogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs is ＇a new method in the treatment of lung cancer. In addition, combining traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy with sensitive miRNAs will provide a novel strategy for the study of lung cancer therapy. This review focuses on the function of miRNAs in lung carcinogenesis, diagnosis and therapy.