中文摘要：

甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase，GAPDH）是细胞内的一个组成性表达的蛋白质，主要参与细胞的糖酵解途径。但近年来越来越多的研究表明，GAPDH不是一个纯粹简单的糖酵解酶。它是一种多功能蛋白，参与许多亚细胞水平活动，包括催化微管聚合、参与蛋白磷酸化修饰、参与膜融合和膜转运、促进细胞凋亡、调节蛋白质的表达、参与DNA损伤修复、作为转铁蛋白受体等。该文主要就GAPDH的结构特点及其功能的研究进展做一简要综述。

英文摘要：

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） is a kind of protein constitutively expressed in cells, mainly involved in cellular glycolytic pathway. But in recent years, more and more studies have showed that GAPDH is a multi-functional protein, which not only functions as a glycolytic enzyme, but also gets involved in many subcellular activities, such as catalyzing microtubule polymerization, playing a role in protein phosphorylation modification, participating in membrane fusion and membrane transfer, promoting cell apoptosis, regulating protein expression, being involved in DNA damage repair, acting as transferrin receptor, and so on. This review mainly discusses the structural characteristics of GAPDH and the research progress on its functions.