中文摘要：

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘融雪期冻结土壤入渗试验为依据,分析了沙漠地区季节性冻土水分入渗特性及主要影响因素。结果表明：沙漠地区季节性冻土具有较高的入渗能力,沙漠冻结风沙土的稳渗率为0.26-0.30 mm/min,是田间冻结壤土的10-20倍,可以保证融雪水及时入渗进入土壤,为融雪水的高效储存创造了有利条件。入渗能力随着土壤含水率的升高而减小。沙地土壤初始的低含水率、土壤大孔隙结构特征是沙地冻结土壤具有较高入渗能力的主要原因。研究结果为进一步研究春季融雪水在沙地的再分配过程奠定了基础。

英文摘要：

Gurbantunggut Desert is the second biggest desert in China with area of 48.8 × 103 km^2. Annual precipitation is about 90 - 150 mm,and 25% of it is the snowfall. The average air temperature is 6.6°C ,and the lowest air temperature is -41.5 °C. There are 4 months snow cover periods. The snow depth is about 20 -30 cm in general. Soil moisture condition is the primary factor that affects desert vegetation coverage. It is important to understand the infiltration processes during snowmelt. Based on the soil infiltration experiments under frozen and unfrozen conditions in the southern margin of Gurbantunggut Desert, the water infiltration characteristics for seasonal frozen aeolian sandy soil and the main factors which influence the infiltration process are analyzed. The georgaphical coordinate of experimental site is 44°22＇N and 87°55＇E. The double ring infiltrator are used for measuring the infiltration rate. Results indicated that infiltration rate into seasonal frozen soil decreases along with increasing initial soil moisture content. The stable infiltration rates of frozen aeolian sandy soil in Gurbantunggut Desert are about 0.26 - 0.30 mm/min which are about 1/10 of unfrozen soil,but which are still 10 -20 times of frozen loamy soil in farm- land. Higher infiltration rate of frozen sandy soils ensure the snowmelt infiltration into soil layer rapidly and provide advantage condition for effective storage of snowmelt water. There is 92.1% of the snowfall water infiltrated into soils. The low initial soil moisture content and macropores texture are the major reasons for higher infiltration rate of frozen sandy soils. Rotten root pathways and thermal contraction cracks are also the reasons to influence the ability of water infiltration into frozen soil. The results provide a basis data for further study on infiltration of snowmeh into frozen soil and redistribution of snowmeh water in Gurbantunggut Desert.