中文摘要：

HIV-1感染机体后，HIV-1 Nef可以下调患者体内受染CD4^＋细胞表面MHC—Ⅰ分子，同时使受染细胞表面HIV-1抗原暴露水平降低，从而引起CILs识别该类受染细胞能力下降。这使得体内HIV-1躲避CTLs免疫应答和形成人体长期的慢性感染。Nef的这种功能与人体内HIV-1长期潜伏性有重要关系，对其深入研究可能为艾滋病治疗带来新的理论依据。此文就此进行相关综述。

英文摘要：

In HIV-1 infected patients, HIV-1 Nef can downregulate MHC- Ⅰ on the surface of the infected cells, and reduce the exposure levels of HIV-1 antigen on the surface of the infected cells simultaneously, so as to decrease the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing the infected cells. This effect of Nef may allow evasion of CTL lysis by HIV-1-infected cells and promote the formation of long-term chronic infection. There are important relations between the function of the Nef and HIV-1 long-term latent in patients. Deepening the research about the mechanism that HIV-1 Nef downregulates MHC-Ⅰ. can provide new theoretical basis for the treatment of HIV-1 diseases. Several areas mentioned above are reviewed in this article.