中文摘要：

为阐明长期施肥对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性的影响、土壤酶活性与土壤养分的关系,探讨土壤持续利用的培肥模式,采集了施用不同肥料28年后的黑土和暗棕壤,对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性以及土壤养分因子进行了测定和分析。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,各施肥处理均可显著增加黑土和暗棕壤有机质和氮磷钾养分含量,提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性,其中以化肥配施有机肥效果最为明显。土壤酶活性与土壤养分之间有很好的相关性,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量呈显著相关,黑土对施肥比暗棕壤对施肥更敏感。对不同土壤长期化肥配施有机肥均可为作物生长创造良好的土壤环境。

英文摘要：

The soil enzyme activities and their corresponding nutrients of the black and dark brown soils under the same fertilizer applications of twenty-eight years were measured,and their relationships were analyzed.The objective was to clarify the effects of long-term fertilization on the soil enzyme activities and to figure out sustainable management of the black and dark brown soils.The results showed,compared to non-fertilization treatment,all the fertilization treatments could significantly increase the soil organic matter and total NPK contents of the black and dark brown soils,and enhance the soil urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase activities,especially for the chemical fertilizer application combined with manure.There were good correlations among the soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients.Soil urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase activities had a significant correlation with soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrogen and available phosphorus contents.The effects of fertilizer applications on the black soil enzyme activities were more sensitive than those of the dark brown soil.The long-term chemical fertilizer application combined with manure could provide a good soil environment for the crop growth.