中文摘要：

基于美国GSVS2011计划完成的高精度GNSS水准数据及垂线偏差数据,研究确定地面垂线偏差的数值拟合法、GNSS水准法、地球重力场模型法和基于移去恢复技术的数值拟合法等方法的精度。结果表明,数值拟合法、地球重力场模型法和基于移去恢复技术的数值拟合法都具有较好的精度,其中Biharmonic（v4）直接拟合法效果较好,移去恢复技术能在一定程度上提高数值拟合精度,而GNSS水准法精度相对较差。

英文摘要：

In this paper,the determination methods of vertical deflection,including numerical fitting,GNSS leveling,Earth gravity field model,and numerical fitting based on remove-restore technique,are investigated.The experiment is conducted using a high precision data set of GNSS leveling and vertical deflection from the project of the geoid slope validation survey of 2011（GSVS2011）.The results show that numerical fitting,Earth gravity field model,and numerical fitting based on remove-restore technique have good fitting accuracy,that the Biharmonic（v4）method from numerical fitting model has better fitting accuracy,and that fitting accuracy can be improved based on the remove-restore technique.However,the accuracy of the GNSS leveling method is relatively poor.