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巴尔喀什湖水量平衡研究

ISSN号：1000-0240
期刊名称：冰川冻土
时间：2011
页码：1341-1352
分类：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学;水利工程—水文学及水资源;天文地球—地球物理学]
作者机构：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038, [2]新疆水利厅,新疆乌鲁木齐830000, [3]新疆水文水资源局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000, [4]新疆伊犁水文水资源勘查局,新疆伊宁835000
相关基金：国家科技支撑项目（2008BAB42B09;2008BAB42B03）; 国家自然科学基金项目（51079160）;国家自然科学基金重点项目（40830637）资助
相关项目：社会水循环通量核算与联合调配研究——以北京市为例

关键词：巴尔喀什湖, 水量平衡, 入湖径流, 三角洲耗水, 影响分析, Lake Balkhash, water balance, influent runoff, water consumption in delta, impact analysis

中文摘要：

巴尔喀什-阿拉湖流域是中亚地区重要和独特的景观生态系统,巴尔喀什湖是该区域的核心,其水位变化作为巴尔喀什湖流域生态系统及其保护的主要指标,向来备受世人关注.研究巴尔喀什湖水量平衡,对合理确定巴尔喀什湖生态系统保护目标及保护措施,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义.在明晰巴尔喀什湖水系、水位影响因素的基础上,构建了巴尔喀什湖水量平衡模型,并基于多源数据及前期研究成果,分析计算了巴尔喀什湖水量平衡收入（入湖地表径流、湖面降水、入湖地下水）、支出（湖面蒸发、三角洲耗水）项系列,建立1936-2008年巴尔喀什湖水量平衡变化过程.通过水量变化讨论了伊犁河三角洲入湖水量、湖体与湖岸周边的地下水互动关系、人类活动与气候变化对巴尔喀什湖水量平衡的影响,以期为巴尔喀什湖及其生态系统保护决策提供参考依据.

英文摘要：

Lake Balkhash basin in Central Asia is a unique landscape ecosystem;Lake Balkhash is the core of the basin.The water level of it is regarded as key indicator of Lake Balkhash basin ecosystems and its protection effect,always attracting worldwide attention.Study of Lake Balkhash water balance has great theoretical and practical significance for determining reasonably the ecosystem protection goals and conservation measures.Based on deeply understanding the factors that control the water system and water level of the lake,a water balance model of the lake is developed.Then the water balance changing process in the lake from 1936 to 2008 is presented in the bases of multi-source data and prophase research result,enable to analyze the income of the lake（surface runoff into the lake,precipitation upon the lake,groundwater into the lake） and expenditure of the lake（evaporation from lake surface,water consumption in delta）,and to discuss the water amount into the lake from the Ili River delta,the groundwater interaction between the lake and lakeshore surrounding the lake,the effect of human activities and climate change on water balance of the lake,in order to provide measures to protect the lake and the ecosystem around Lake Balkhash.

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